Page 81 - Vol.47

TSMC / FACILITY PUBLISHED
VOL.47
廠務季刊

URL.http://nfjournal/

馬達軸承潤滑改善與超音波預知保養手法探討源分析

Lubrication Improvement for Electric Motor Bearing and Investigation of Predictive
Maintenance by Ultrasound Detection.

文│林煒喆 林成彥 陳博政│台南廠務四部│

摘要 / Abstract

馬達故障原因中，軸承故障佔41%，大部分為潤滑不良造成。潤滑失效中最主要因素為潤滑不足，造成介面間直接摩擦而
磨損。然而潤滑不足導致的因素卻不只是油加的不夠，反而過度注油也會間接造成潤滑不足與其他不良影響。
PMOI規範定期定量補油的方式做預防保養，然而每顆軸承潤滑的狀態不一，所需油量也不盡相同。傳統上軸承預知保養以
震動量測為主流，但測得訊號時也代表軸承介面之間已產生不可逆的功能性損傷。因此若能提早測得潤滑不足並隨即補油，即
可延長軸承壽命，而超音波則為潤滑狀態最早期的檢測訊號。
本文分析滑脂失效原因以及探討保養計畫來改善保養手法，並引進超音波檢測的方式來判斷潤滑狀況，使馬達軸承能從預
防保養提升到預知保養的模式，並探討未來更進一步以自動注油器的全自動潤滑保養的可行性。

關鍵詞 / 軸承、潤滑、滑脂、超音波檢測、預知保養

Bearing is accounted for about 41% in all component failure of electric motor and most of it is failed due to poor lubrication.
The main reason of lubrication failure is lack of lubrication which makes the interface surfaces contact to each other directly. However,
lubrication fail is caused not only by lack of lubricant but also by overfill.
Only lubricant quantity and refill interval is defined in our PMOI for preventive maintenance of bearing lubrication. In fact, the
actual lubricant requirement depends on each bearing under varied operation condition. Conventionally, bearing vibration test is the
major method for predictive maintenance but there is irreversible damage when vibration signal can be detected. The bearing lifespan
will be extended if lack of lubrication can be found in the early stage and refill soon, which is possible by measuring ultrasound signal.
This article includes analysis of lubrication failure, investigation of lubrication plan, and introduction to determine the lubrication
condition by measuring ultrasound signal. The refill schedule and quantity are based on the lubrication condition of each bearing and
the maintenance work can be implemented automatically by lubricator, which is predictive maintenance for electric motor bearing.

Keywords / Bearing, Lubrication, Grease, Ultrasound Measurement, Predictive Maintenance.

1. 前言

馬達故障原因中，有41%為軸承故障所致 ，其中大部分 並未詳述具體的保養手法。因此長時間定期定量補充滑脂後，
[01]
為潤滑不良。因此做好潤滑保養就能大幅提升馬達的可靠度。 最終會將軸承室注滿滑脂。過多的油若無法適當排出，則會造
潤滑油脂(grease，以下簡稱滑脂)對高溫敏感，70度以上時， 成軸封損壞而往外或往線圈室內洩漏(圖2)。線圈室內堆滿滑
[03]
每上升10度其壽命減少33%，高溫160度以上時壽命減半(圖1) 脂會影響線圈散熱，增加絕緣裂化的風險與縮短壽命 。一旦
[02] 。馬達運作時因線圈本身發熱外，轉速較高且長時間持續運 線圈絕緣擊穿，馬達就壽終正寢，造成非預期性跳機與長時間
轉，因此其軸承對潤滑的需求與其他一般機構件的軸承相異。 拆出整修的風險。此外，滑脂也會因攪動升溫而過熱，加速滑
PMOI中雖訂定馬達軸承的預防保養模式-定期定量補充， 脂氧化並產生軸承卡死造成其他機件損壞的風險。

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